The following resources were cited in SPLC report: Stepping Into the Gap: Medicaid Expansion in the Deep South as a Lifeline to Care
Shirley A. Hill, “Inequality and African-American Health: How Racial Disparities Create Sickness” Ch. 2, https://tallahasseechan.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/Inequality-and-African-American-Health-Hill.pdf.
NAACP, “Aging While Black: The Crisis Among Black Americans as They Grow Old,” NAACP, June 8, 2021, https://naacp.org/articles/aging-while-black-crisis-among-black-americans-they-grow-old.
Mississippi State Department of Health, “State of the State: Annual Mississippi Health Disparities & Inequities Report,” MSDH, June 2023, https://msdh.ms.gov/page/resources/20313.pdf.
Florida Department of Health, “Mortality Dashboard,” Florida Department of Health Division of Public Statistics and Performance Management, https://www.flhealthcharts.gov/ChartsReports/rdPage.aspx?rdReport=MortalityAtlas.Dashboard_MortalityAtlas2&rdRequestForwarding=Form.
Natalie Kean and Gelila Selassie, “Cutting Medicaid Harms Older Adults No Matter How It’s Sliced,” Justice in Aging, December 18, 2024, https://justiceinaging.org/cutting-medicaid-harms-older-adults/.
State Health Facts. “Total Monthly Medicaid/CHIP Enrollment and Pre-ACA Enrollment, April 2024.” KFF, https://www.kff.org/affordable-care-act/state-indicator/total-monthly-medicaid-and-chip-enrollment/.
Center for American Progress, “Poverty in the United States, 2023,” CAP, https://www.americanprogress.org/data-view/poverty-data/poverty-data-map-tool/.
Laura Harker and Breanna Sharer, “Medicaid Expansion: Frequently Asked Questions,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, June 14, 2024, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/medicaid-expansion-frequently-asked-questions-0.
Gideon Lukens and Elizabeth Zhang, “Medicaid Work Requirements Could Put 36 Million People at Risk of Losing Health Coverage,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, February 5, 2025, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/medicaid-work-requirements-could-put-36-million-people-at-risk-of-losing-health.
Kavita Patel, “From Worst to First: Louisiana Makes Great Waves with Medicaid Expansion,” Brookings Institution, January 15, 2016, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/from-worst-to-first-louisiana-makes-great-waves-with-medicaid-expansion/.
Gideon Lukens and Laura Harker, “Closing Medicaid Coverage Gap Would Help Diverse Groups and Reduce Inequities,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, July 15, 2024, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/closing-medicaid-coverage-gap-would-help-diverse-groups-and-reduce-inequities; and Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, “The Medicaid Coverage Gap: State Fact Sheets,” CBPP, April 3, 2024, https://www.cbpp.org/research/health/the-medicaid-coverage-gap.
Sammy Cervantes, et al., “How Many Uninsured Are in the Coverage Gap and How Many Could be Eligible if All States Adopted the Medicaid Expansion,” KFF, February 25, 2025, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/how-many-uninsured-are-in-the-coverage-gap-and-how-many-could-be-eligible-if-all-states-adopted-the-medicaid-expansion/.
Ben Leonard, Meredith Lee Hill and Kelsey Tamborrino, “House GOP puts Medicaid, ACA, Climate Measures on Chopping Block,” Politico, January 10, 2025, https://www.politico.com/news/2025/01/10/spending-cuts-house-gop-reconciliation-medicaid-00197541.
Noah Tong, “Medicaid Likely Faces Severe Cuts in House’s New Budget Framework,” Fierce Healthcare, February 12, 2025, https://www.fiercehealthcare.com/regulatory/medicaid-faces-severe-cuts-new-budget-framework.
David McBride, “Slavery As It Is: Medicine and Slaves of the Plantation South,” OAH Magazine of History, 19:5, September 2005, pages 36-40, https://doi.org/10.1093/maghis/19.5.36.
Georges C. Benjamin, MD, “Health Inequity From the Founding of the Freedmen’s Bureau to COVID-19,” AMA Journal of Ethics, February 2021, https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/article/health-inequity-founding-freedmens-bureau-covid-19/2021-02.
Equal Justice Initiative, “Reconstruction in America: Racial Violence after the Civil War, 1865-1876,” EJI, 2020, https://eji.org/wp-content/uploads/2005/11/reconstruction-in-america-rev-111521.pdf.
Camila Domonoske, “‘Father of Gynecology,’ Who Experimented on Slaves, No Longer on Pedestal in NYC,” National Public Radio, April 17, 2018, https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2018/04/17/603163394/-father-of-gynecology-who-experimented-on-slaves-no-longer-on-pedestal-in-nyc.
Joel D. Howell, “Understanding Black Distrust of Medicine,” University of Michigan School of Public Health, May 14, 2021, https://sph.umich.edu/findings/spring-2021/black-distrust-of-medicine-from-sims-to-tuskegee-and-its-impact-on-vaccine-hesitancy.html.
Southern Poverty Law Center, “Event Honors Enslaved Women Subjected to Gynecological Experiments in Alabama,” SPLC, March 1, 2024, https://www.splcenter.org/resources/stories/event-honors-mothers-of-gynecology/.
Brandt, Allan M. “Racism and Research: The Case of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study.” The Hastings Center Report 8, no. 6 (1978): 21–29. https://doi.org/10.2307/3561468.
Tuskegee University, “About the USPHS Syphilis Study,” Tuskegee University, https://www.tuskegee.edu/about-us/centers-of-excellence/bioethics-center/about-the-usphs-syphilis-study.
Samantha Artiga, Latoya Hill and Marley Presiado, “How Present-Day Health Disparities for Black People Are Linked to Past Policies and Events,” KFF, February 22, 2024, https://www.kff.org/racial-equity-and-health-policy/issue-brief/how-present-day-health-disparities-for-black-people-are-linked-to-past-policies-and-events/.
Denisse Rojas Marquez, et al., “Segregation in Health Care,” AMA Journal of Ethics, vol. 1–1, 2023, https://journalofethics.ama-assn.org/sites/joedb/files/2023-02/joe-2301.pdf.
Oberlander, Jonathan. “The Political History of Medicare.” Generations: Journal of the American Society on Aging 39, no. 2 (2015): 119–25. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26556139.
Kathryn J. Edin and H. Luke Shaefer, “Ronald Reagan’s ‘welfare queen’ myth: How the Gipper kickstarted the war on the working poor,” Salon, September 27, 2015, https://www.salon.com/2015/09/27/ronald_reagans_welfare_queen_myth_how_the_gipper_kickstarted_the_war_on_the_working_poor/.
Medicaid and CHIP Payment and Access Commission, “Federal Legislative Milestones in Medicaid and CHIP,” MACPAC, 2022, https://www.macpac.gov/reference-materials/federal-legislative-milestones-in-medicaid-and-chip/.
Kaiser Family Foundation, “Summary of the Affordable Care Act,” KFF, April 25, 2013, https://www.kff.org/affordable-care-act/fact-sheet/summary-of-the-affordable-care-act/.
KFF, “A Guide to the Supreme Court’s Decision on the ACA’s Medicaid Expansion,” KFF, August 2012, https://www.kff.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/8347.pdf.
MaryBeth Musumeci and Laurie Sobel, “The Federal Courts’ Role in Implementing the Affordable Care Act,” Kaiser Family Foundation, September 12, 2014, https://www.kff.org/report-section/the-federal-courts-role-in-implementing-the-affordable-care-act-issue-brief/.
Kaiser Family Foundation, “Status of State Medicaid Expansion Decisions,” KFF, November 12, 2024, https://www.kff.org/status-of-state-medicaid-expansion-decisions/.
Drew Hawkins, “Here’s What’s Holding Back Medicaid Expansion in Mississippi and Other Southern States,” National Public Radio, May 16, 2024, https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2024/05/16/1251691921/medicaid-expansion-mississippi-alabama-south.
Theresa Lau, “Medicaid Unwinding Harms Millions of People, Especially Communities of Color,” Southern Poverty Law Center, November 29, 2023, https://www.splcenter.org/resources/hope-watch/medicaid-unwinding-harms-millions/.
Asian & Pacific Islander American Health Forum et al., “Six Months Into Unwinding: History’s Deepest Medicaid Losses Demand State Action,” Unidos US, November 6, 2023, https://unidosus.org/publications/six-months-into-unwinding-historys-deepest-medicaid-losses-demand-state-action/.
Debbie Smith, “Medicaid Expansion: Alabama’s Path to Long-Term Health and Financial Security,” Alabama Arise, May 30, 2023, https://www.alarise.org/blog-posts/medicaid-expansion-alabamas-path-to-long-term-health-and-financial-security/.
Center for Healthcare Quality & Payment Reform, “Rural Hospitals at Risk of Closing,” CHQPR, January 2025, https://ruralhospitals.chqpr.org/downloads/Rural_Hospitals_at_Risk_of_Closing.pdf.
Grace Niewijk, “Rising Hospital Closures Disproportionately Affect Disadvantaged Communities,” UChicago Medicine, April 26, 2024, https://biologicalsciences.uchicago.edu/news/hospital-closure-inequality.
National Council of State Legislatures, “Rural Emergency Hospitals,” NCSL, June 17, 2024, https://www.ncsl.org/health/rural-emergency-hospitals#toc1.
Kate Royals, “Death at Your Toes: A Look Inside a Mississippi Maternity Care Desert,” Mississippi Today, November 3, 2022, https://mississippitoday.org/2022/11/03/mississippi-maternity-care-desert/.
Leah Chan, “Georgia’s Pathways to Coverage Program: The First Year in Review,” Georgia Budget and Policy Institute, October 29, 2024, https://gbpi.org/georgias-pathways-to-coverage-program-the-first-year-in-review/.
Jennifer A. Staman, “Medicaid Work Requirements: An End to the Litigation,” Congressional Research Service, March 12, 2021, https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/LSB/LSB10577.
Leah Chan, “Pathways to Coverage: Georgia’s New Medicaid Program for Low-Income Adults,” Georgia Budget and Policy Institute, April 2024, https://gbpi.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/PTCBrief-202404.pdf.
Hilary Wething, “Work Requirements for Safety Net Programs Like SNAP and Medicaid: A Punitive Solution That Solves No Real Problem,” Economic Policy Institute, January 24, 2025, https://www.epi.org/publication/snap-medicaid-work-requirements/.
Ife Floyd et al., “TANF Policies Reflect Racist Legacy of Cash Assistance,” Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, August 4, 2021, https://www.cbpp.org/research/income-security/tanf-policies-reflect-racist-legacy-of-cash-assistance.
Parker Gilkesson and Teon Hayes, “Work Requirements Won’t Lead to Better Employment or Economic Outcomes,” Center for Law and Social Policy, March 15, 2023, https://www.clasp.org/blog/work-requirements-wont-lead-to-better-employment-or-economic-outcomes/.
Southern Poverty Law Center, “SPLC: 17,000 People in Arkansas Lose Medicaid Coverage Due to Work Requirements,” SPLC, December 17, 2018, https://www.splcenter.org/resources/stories/splc-17000-people-arkansas-lose-medicaid-coverage-due-work-requirements/.
Elizabeth Hinton, Jada Raphael, and Amaya Diana, “Medicaid Work Requirements: Current Waiver and Legislative Activity,” Kaiser Family Foundation, November 21, 2024, https://www.kff.org/medicaid/issue-brief/medicaid-work-requirements-current-waiver-and-legislative-activity/.
Maya Holcomb and Christine Nguyen, “40 States In, 10 States to Go: Medicaid Expansion, A Critical Step to Closing the Health Coverage Gap,” Families USA, May 10, 2023, https://familiesusa.org/resources/40-states-in-10-states-to-go-medicaid-expansion-a-critical-step-to-closing-the-health-coverage-gap/.
Brendan Saloner and Johanna Catherine Maclean, “Specialty Substance Use Disorder Treatment Admissions Steadily Increased In The Four Years After Medicaid Expansion,” Health Affairs 39 no. 3 (March 2020): 453–461, https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2019.01428
Jeannie Donovan, “Benefits of Louisiana’s Medicaid Expansion Evident in New Census Data,” Invest in Louisiana, September 2018, https://investlouisiana.org/benefits-of-louisianas-medicaid-expansion-evident-in-new-census-data/.
Kathy Ritchie, “Some Arizona Medicaid Recipients Will Soon Be Eligible for a New Benefit: Housing,” KJZZ, October 3, 2024, https://www.kjzz.org/kjzz-news/2024-10-03/some-arizona-medicaid-recipients-will-soon-be-eligible-for-a-new-benefit-housing.